Renal stones, also known as kidney stones or nephrolithiasis, are solid masses made of crystals that typically form in the kidneys but can also develop anywhere along the urinary tract. These stones can vary in size, from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball, and they can cause severe pain and other complications. Formed when urine is too acidic, which can occur in conditions like gout or with high-protein diets. Intense pain in the back, side, abdomen, or groin, often fluctuating in intensity as the stone moves through the urinary tract.
